Rujukan Kesan perubahan iklim

  1. ↑ "The Causes of Climate Change". climate.nasa.gov. NASA. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2019-12-21.
  2. ↑ "Climate Science Special Report / Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4), Volume I". science2017.globalchange.gov. Program Penyelidikan Perubahan Global A.S. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2019-12-14.
  3. ↑ "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). ipcc.ch. Panel Antara Kerajaan tentang Perubahan Iklim. 2019. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 2020-01-01.
  4. ↑ "The Study of Earth as an Integrated System". nasa.gov. NASA. 2016. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2016-11-02.
  5. ↑ Oppenheimer, M., et al., Section 19.7.1: Relationship between Adaptation Efforts, Mitigation Efforts, and Residual Impacts, in: Chapter 19: Emergent risks and key vulnerabilities (diarkibkan pada 20 Oktober 2014), pp.1080–1085, dalam IPCC AR5 WG2 A 2014
  6. ↑ Oppenheimer, M., et al., Section 19.6.2.2. The Role of Adaptation and Alternative Development Pathways, in: Chapter 19: Emergent risks and key vulnerabilities (diarkibkan pada 20 Oktober 2014), pp.1072–1073, dalam IPCC AR5 WG2 A 2014
  7. ↑ "The Effects of Climate Change". NASA.gov. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 21 Februari 2022.
  8. 1 2 IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers. 2019. m/s. 9.
  9. ↑ IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers. 2019. m/s. 9.
  10. ↑ Rosenzweig; dll., "Chapter 1: Assessment of Observed Changes and Responses in Natural and Managed Systems", IPCC AR4 WG2 2007, Executive summary, diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 23 Disember 2018, dicapai pada 28 Disember 2018
  11. ↑ Pecl, Gretta T.; Araújo, Miguel B.; Bell, Johann D.; Blanchard, Julia; Bonebrake, Timothy C.; Chen, I.-Ching; Clark, Timothy D.; Colwell, Robert K.; Danielsen, Finn; Evengård, Birgitta; Falconi, Lorena (31 Mac 2017). "Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: Impacts on ecosystems and human well-being". Science. 355 (6332): eaai9214. doi:10.1126/science.aai9214. hdl:10019.1/120851. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 28360268. S2CID 206653576. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 20 Disember 2019. Dicapai pada 11 Januari 2020.
  12. ↑ Settele, J.; Scholes, R.; Betts, R.; Bunn, S.; dll. (2014). "Chapter 4: Terrestrial and Inland Water Systems" (PDF). IPCC AR5 WG2 A 2014. m/s. 300. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 19 Disember 2019. Dicapai pada 2 Januari 2020.
  13. ↑ Hoegh-Guldberg, O.; Jacob, D.; Taylor, M.; Bindi, M.; dll. (2018). "Chapter 3: Impacts of 1.5ºC Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. m/s. 179. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 15 November 2019. Dicapai pada 15 Disember 2019.
  14. ↑ "The Industries and Countries Most Vulnerable to Climate Change". International Director. 15 Oktober 2018. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 Januari 2020. Dicapai pada 15 Disember 2019.
  15. ↑ Hoegh-Guldberg, O.; Jacob, D.; Taylor, M.; Bindi, M.; dll. (2018). "Chapter 3: Impacts of 1.5ºC Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. m/s. 212–213, 228, 252. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 15 November 2019. Dicapai pada 15 Disember 2019.
  16. ↑ Schneider, S.H.; dll., "Ch 19: Assessing Key Vulnerabilities and the Risk from Climate Change", Dalam IPCC AR4 WG2 2007, halaman 796, Distribution of Impacts, in: Sec 19.3.7 Update on 'Reasons for Concern', diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 23 Disember 2018, dicapai pada 28 Disember 2018
  17. ↑ Wilbanks, T.J.; dll., "Ch 7: Industry, Settlement and Society", IPCC AR4 WG2 2007, halaman 373–376, Sec 7.4.2.5 Social issues and Sec 7.4.3 Key vulnerabilities, diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 23 Disember 2018, dicapai pada 28 Disember 2018
  18. ↑ IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers. 2019. m/s. 7.
  19. ↑ Climate Change Is Already Driving Mass Migration Around the Globe Diarkibkan 18 Disember 2019 di Wayback Machine, Majlis Pertahanan Sumber Semula Jadi, 25 Januari 2019
  20. ↑ Rosenzweig; dll., "Chapter 1: Assessment of observed changes and responses in natural and managed systems", Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007, Sec. 1.3.8.5 Summary of disasters and hazards, diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 23 Disember 2018, dicapai pada 28 Disember 2018, dalam IPCC AR4 WG2 2007.
  21. ↑ Effects of Global Warming Diarkibkan 6 Disember 2019 di Wayback Machine, Live Science, 12 Ogos 2017
  22. ↑ The science connecting extreme weather to climate change Diarkibkan 25 September 2019 di Wayback Machine, Fact sheet: Union of Concerned Scientists, Jun 2018.
  23. ↑ Hausfather, Zeke (2017-06-21). "Study: Why troposphere warming differs between models and satellite data". Carbon Brief (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2019-11-19.
  24. ↑ "Climate change: evidence and causes | Royal Society". royalsociety.org (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2019-11-19.
  25. 1 2 IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch8 2021, halaman 8-6, line 51
  26. 1 2 3  Rencana ini menggabungkan bahan domain awam daripada NOAA dokumen: NOAA (Februari 2007). "Will the wet get wetter and the dry drier?" (PDF). GFDL Climate Modeling Research Highlights. 1 (5).. Revision 10/15/2008, 4:47:16 PM.
  27. ↑ IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch8 2021, halaman 8-6,8–119
  28. ↑ "Summary for policymakers", Dalam IPCC SREX 2012, m/s. 8, diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 27 Jun 2019, dicapai pada 17 Disember 2012
  29. ↑ "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Panel Antara Kerajaan tentang Perubahan Iklim. 2021. p. SPM-23 Fig. SPM.6. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 4 November 2021.
  30. ↑ Global Warming Makes Heat Waves More Likely, Study Finds Diarkibkan 7 Ogos 2018 di Wayback Machine 10 Julai 2012 The New York Times
  31. ↑ Hansen, J; Sato, M; Ruedy, R (2012). "Perception of climate change". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (37): E2415–23. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109E2415H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1205276109. PMC 3443154. PMID 22869707.
  32. ↑ Heat wave: meteorology Diarkibkan 15 Februari 2020 di Wayback Machine. Ensiklopedia Britannica. Dicapai pada 1 April 2019.
  33. ↑ "Heat Waves: The Details". Climate Communication. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 12 Julai 2018. Dicapai pada 16 Ogos 2018.
  34. ↑ Coumou, D.; Robinson, A.; Rahmstorf, S. (2013). "Global increase in record-breaking monthly-mean temperatures". Climatic Change. 118 (3–4): 771. Bibcode:2013ClCh..118..771C. doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0668-1. S2CID 121209624.
  35. 1 2 IPCC (2013), Table SPM.1, dalam Summary for Policymakers, p. 5 (PDF yang diarkibkan), dalam IPCC AR5 WG1 2013
  36. ↑ Stocker, T.F., et al. (2013), Temperature Extremes, Heat Waves and Warm Spells, in: TFE.9, in: Technical Summary, p. 111 (PDF yang diarkibkan), dalam IPCC AR5 WG1 2013
  37. ↑ "Summary for Policymakers". Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (PDF). Panel Antara Kerajaan tentang Perubahan Iklim. 2021. m/s. SPM-10. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 4 November 2021.
  38. ↑ NOAA (16 Februari 2022). "Understanding the Arctic polar vortex". www.climate.gov (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2022-02-19.
  39. ↑ "How global warming can cause Europe's harsh winter weather". Deutsche Welle (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 11 Februari 2021. Dicapai pada 2021-12-15.
  40. ↑ "Climate change: Arctic warming linked to colder winters". BBC News. 2 September 2021. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 20 Oktober 2021. Dicapai pada 20 Oktober 2021.
  41. ↑ Cohen, Judah; Agel, Laurie; Barlow, Mathew; Garfinkel, Chaim I.; White, Ian (3 September 2021). "Linking Arctic variability and change with extreme winter weather in the United States". Science. 373 (6559): 1116–1121. Bibcode:2021Sci...373.1116C. doi:10.1126/science.abi9167.
  42. ↑ Douglas, Erin (2021-12-14). "Winters get warmer with climate change. So what explains Texas' cold snap in Februari?". The Texas Tribune (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2021-12-15.
  43. ↑ Hansen, James; Sato, Makiko; Ruedy, Reto; dll. (Julai 2012). "The New Climate Dice: Public Perception of Climate Change" (PDF). New York, USA: Dr James E. Hansen, Columbia University. m/s. 3–4.
  44. 1 2 Christensen, J.H.,et al. (2013), Cyclones, dalam: Rumusan Eksekutif, dalam : Chapter 14: Climate Phenomena and their Relevance for Future Regional Climate Change, p. 1220 (PDF yang diarkibkan), dalam IPCC AR5 WG1 2013
  45. ↑ Collins, M.; Sutherland, M.; Bouwer, L.; Cheong, S. M.; dll. (2019). "Chapter 6: Extremes, Abrupt Changes and Managing Risks" (PDF). IPCC SROCC 2019. m/s. 592. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 20 Disember 2019. Dicapai pada 20 Disember 2019.
  46. ↑ Del Genio, Tony (2007). "Will moist convection be stronger in a warmer climate?". Geophysical Research Letters. 34 (16): L16703. Bibcode:2007GeoRL..3416703D. doi:10.1029/2007GL030525.
  47. ↑ Jabatan Perdagangan AS, NOAA. "What is high tide flooding?". oceanservice.noaa.gov. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 16 Oktober 2020. Dicapai pada 12 Oktober 2020.
  48. ↑ IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch8 2021, halaman 8-6, line 28; 8–119, line 18
  49. ↑ Pörtner, Hans-O.; Roberts, Debra; Adam, Helen; Adler, Caroline; dll. "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Dalam akhbar. ¶SPM.B.4.5.
  50. ↑ Arnell, Nigel W.; Gosling, Simon N. (1 Februari 2016). "The impacts of climate change on river flood risk at the global scale". Climatic Change (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 134 (3): 387–401. Bibcode:2016ClCh..134..387A. doi:10.1007/s10584-014-1084-5. ISSN 1573-1480.
  51. ↑ Hirabayashi, Yukiko; Mahendran, Roobavannan; Koirala, Sujan; Konoshima, Lisako; Yamazaki, Dai; Watanabe, Satoshi; Kim, Hyungjun; Kanae, Shinjiro (2013). "Global flood risk under climate change". Nature Climate Change (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 3 (9): 816–821. Bibcode:2013NatCC...3..816H. doi:10.1038/nclimate1911. ISSN 1758-6798.
  52. ↑ Hosseinzadehtalaei, Parisa; Tabari, Hossein; Willems, Patrick (November 2020). "Climate change impact on short-duration extreme precipitation and intensity–duration–frequency curves over Europe". Journal of Hydrology (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 590: 125249. Bibcode:2020JHyd..59025249H. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125249. S2CID 224947610.
  53. ↑ Syed, T. H.; Famiglietti, J. S.; Chambers, D. P.; Willis, J. K.; Hilburn, K. (2010). "Satellite-based global-ocean mass balance estimates of interannual variability and emerging trends in continental freshwater discharge". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 107 (42): 17916–17921. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10717916S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1003292107. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2964215. PMID 20921364.
  54. ↑ IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch8 2021, halaman 8-6, line 37
  55. ↑ Cook, Benjamin I.; Mankin, Justin S.; Anchukaitis, Kevin J. (12 Mei 2018). "Climate Change and Drought: From Past to Future". Current Climate Change Reports. 4 (2): 164–179. doi:10.1007/s40641-018-0093-2. ISSN 2198-6061. S2CID 53624756.
  56. ↑ Mukherjee, Sourav; Mishra, Ashok; Trenberth, Kevin E. (23 April 2018). "Climate Change and Drought: a Perspective on Drought Indices". Current Climate Change Reports. 4 (2): 145–163. doi:10.1007/s40641-018-0098-x. ISSN 2198-6061. S2CID 134811844.
  57. ↑ Mishra, A. K.; Singh, V. P. (2011). "Drought modeling – A review". Journal of Hydrology. 403 (1–2): 157–175. Bibcode:2011JHyd..403..157M. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.049.
  58. ↑ IPCC SRCCL 2019, halaman 7, 8
  59. ↑ IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019, halaman 7,8
  60. ↑ "Wildfire acres burned in the United States". OurWorldInData. 2021. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 12 Oktober 2021. Data diterbitkan oleh National Interagency Coordination Center; National Interagency Fire Center. (data NIFC yang diarkibkan)
  61. ↑ Jones, Matthew; Smith, Adam; Betts, Richard; Canadell, Josep; Prentice, Collin; Le Quéré, Corrine. "Climate Change Increases the Risk of Wildfires". ScienceBrief. Dicapai pada 16 Februari 2022.
  62. 1 2 Dunne, Daisy (2020-07-14). "Explainer: How climate change is affecting wildfires around the world". Carbon Brief (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2022-02-17.
  63. ↑ "Summary for Policymakers". Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (PDF). Panel Antara Kerajaan tentang Perubahan Iklim. 2021. m/s. SPM-20. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 4 November 2021.

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